Effects Of Oral Nifedipine On The Control Of Hypertension...

Few studies over the past years have compared the effects of oral nifedipine to intravenous labetalol for the control of hypertension during pregnancy. Shekhar et al., conducted a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial, to compare the effectiveness of orally administered nifedipine and intravenously administered labetalol for acute blood pressure control of hypertensive emergency in pregnancy.4 The study was conducted between October 2012 to April 2013 in the labor ward of the department of Obestrics and Gynecology of Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Government Medical College and Hospital, Tanda, Kangra, India. Women were eligible for inclusion if they were 18 to 45 years old, at 24 weeks of gestation or more, a heart rate between 60†¦show more content†¦Package A contained either intravenous labetalol vials (total 60mL as labetalol 5 mg/mL) and 5 placebo tablets or IV saline placebo (60mL as 0.9%) and five 10-mg nifedipine tablets. Package B, which contained the opposite regimen of A, was utilized as a crossover treatment if the target blood pressure was not achieved after 5 cycles of regimen A. Blood pressure was measured using mercury sphygmomanometer as per standard recommendation every 20 minutes for at least 100 minutes or more until a target blood pressure of 150 mmHg systolic and 100 mmHg diastolic or lower was achieved.4 The primary outcome measure of the study was time needed to achieve target systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Secondary outcomes included the total number antihypertensive dosages required to achieve the target systolic blood pressure of 150 mmHg or lower and a diastolic of 100 mmHg or lower, maternal heart rate profile during the first 100 minutes, maternal hypotension (Bp90/60 mmHg), side effects profile, and perinatal outcome. No safety endpoints were explicitly stated in the present study. Utilizing the results of a previous study as guidance, with an alpha of 0.05 and 90% power, researchers decided to randomize 60 women (30 in each group).4 A one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normal distribution of the continuous data. A student t-test was used to analyze normally distributed data and ordinal data were

Sample Resume For A Company - 793 Words

October 19, 2015 Delivery 4 U 1111 Hospitality Blvd San Bernardino, Ca 92354 Attn: John Smith Dear Mr. Smith, Are you tired of spending the companies’ funds trying to make deliveries every day? We know how hard it can be to staff the right people in order to create the service your company needs. Like any increasing company, you need a concrete group of professional to work each day of the week. Because you are a nationalized food chain service, you have a big opportunity to branch out and make larger amount of money. Background Delivery 4 U has been helping firms like yours for over 20 years get the delivery service they need. We too are a nationwide corporation and can offer your business the most dependable delivery service in the nation.. This allows your business to stop using ineffective technique that include continues hiring and firing, overtime and budget reconstructions. Our software is 100% generated from proven methods that companies have responded too. With the software we use we are able locate potential customers who have specified they have a need of your type of services and would love to do business with your company. Proposal Plan Our mission will be to provide your customers with a 1-800 number to take in orders. We will also create a link within your already exiting web page were customers s can order on line. These links will include a full menu along with credit card payment options. We will also provide you with the delivery personal, who areShow MoreRelatedSample Resume : Kola Company1825 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract Kola Company started the POM+ Project with an end goal to check rivalry from strength juice refreshments cutting into its pop deals. In light of higher overall revenues, expanded business sector presentation, and higher antibody levels found in pomegranate squeeze, the POM+ venture is in charge of concocting, testing, creating and advertising a pomegranate juice based claim to fame drink. The POM+ Project need network has established that expenses are an obliging element, venture degreeRead MoreSample Resume : Record Companies1651 Words   |  7 PagesRecord Companies: When a band or an artist reach a point in their career they may want to start thinking about becoming associated with a record label. A record label operates in many ways. They have a number of steps in which they operate: 1. create/ scout for bands or an artist 2. offer contracts 3. makes music for band/artist 4. promotion/marketing 5. finance a record 6. makes money To look for new bands or artists some record companies may be associated with artist and repertoire (A+R). A+RRead MoreSample Resume : Cvs Company2014 Words   |  9 PagesThe company 22 years on the fortune 500 list. CVS has 199,000 employees to date. The benefits for the employees are outstanding as well. Employees have the opportunity to receive health insurance, performance bonuses, dental vision insurance, 401k plan, and stock options to name a few. These benefits are better than a lot of companies that are on the fortune 500 list. The Kings Consulting Firm has been in business for 25 years. In those 25 years we have worked side by side with companies likeRead MoreSample Resume : Speedy Stallions Company1091 Words   |  5 Pages Speedy Stallions Company INTRODUCTION: I would like to give the presentation on our company SPEEDY STALLIONS which mainly focuses on the sustainable production of products such as vegetables, milk, cheese and various other products respectively. ïÆ'Ëœ The main intention to form this company was to make a new, sustainable approach to agriculture that can help the family farms and rural communities survive. 2) PRODUCTS: †¢ Gradually one by one, the company starts with manufacturing variousRead MoreSample Resume On Shopping Village Limited Company1492 Words   |  6 PagesFielding 54 Buckingham Way Finchley London N12 OPT Date: 30th June 2016 Dear Mr. Fielding, I am writing to provide you with information in relation to the personal injury claim that you want to bring against Shopping Village Limited Company. First of all, I will repeat the facts in order to make sure of my knowledge of the incident. Then, as you have previously expressed your concern about the payment of our firm’s fees, I will set out your funding options and advise you with the mostRead MoreA Career as a Computer Programmer Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesComputer programmers have many opportunities in life to find a job they would love. Programmers can work independently, or in a big company. Programmers have and are creating the future for computers. Computer programmers have a wide range on what they can do. Computer programmers write the detailed list of instructions the computer will follow in the software (Great Sample Resume). This is also called â€Å"coding.† Programmers test their software, or other peoples, to see if it works properly (Career Cruising)Read MoreBenefits Of Having A Well Written Resume844 Words   |  4 PagesHaving a well written resume can tell a lot of a person who is applying for a job. 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Towards this end, the researcher will involve in activities such as preparing resume to reflect his skills, to upload resume into job portals, to receive mails from prospective employers, attending interviews, and securing his dream job in the software industry. Plan The aim of this iteration is to achieve Java developer position in the industry. I

Mathematics and Moreno Valley Free Essays

In all honesty, I don’t like school much. My favorite class so far this year has to be either French or ACT. A few Of my academic strengths are that I’m a great listener, I don’t like to waste time when I could be getting work done, and I check my work a lot to make sure it is correct or near correct. We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics and Moreno Valley or any similar topic only for you Order Now My academic weaknesses are that I won’t ask questions if need help and most of the time the topics don’t interest me. I like figuring problems out on my own because I learn better that way, but it can be a bad thing if I really don’t understand the problem at all. In those cases, I don’t know where to start fixing my problem. I like math because most of the time the answers are straight forward. I don’t like having to explain myself. Dislike how long it takes to actually solve a problem and I also dislike how long math work can be. My most favorite math experience probably had to be Geometry last year. I understood it well and I was really good at it. To add to that, it was my favorite because hardly ever had to study. Usually retained the information and my teacher taught the lessons well. I haven’t had a math class dislike yet. Usually get an A in y math classes because I try to complete all of my work and tests with high grades or points. Before this school year, would spend thirty minutes Max to finish my math homework. This school year I’ve been spending 1-2 hours on math homework each night. In this class I expect to learn and understand algebra 2 well and earn a high grade. I plan to achieve this by completing all of my work and studying for the tests. Also, I’ll try not to fall behind on any work that is due. To achieve my goals of understanding Algebra 2, it would help if you slowed down and explained more during notes. I’d also appreciate reminders of test dates. How to cite Mathematics and Moreno Valley, Papers

What Is History Essay Example For Students

What Is History Essay Explain why and how, Hitler and the NSDAP began to attract some supportfrom people in Germany between 1919 and 1923. There were many reasons why Hitler got into power: the defeat in world warone, Treaty of Versailles, stab in the back theory, weak leadership, fearof communist/revolutions, economic impact of world war one, reparations,hyperinflations of 1923, French invasion of the Ruhr. In 1914 at the beginning of the war, the Germens were very confident thatthey were going to win the war. However, by 1917 it was very clear to thearmys High Command that they were not going to win the war. The army stillhad a little hope, when Bolshevik seizure of power in Petrograd in November1917. Then in 1917, Germany was talking about peace with Russia, which ledto the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918). Under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Germany gained a lot of land from the east. Now they couldconcentrate on the west side of Germany. The extra men helped at first butthe Allies did not give up, and then soon started to gain land. InSeptember 1917, Germanys army chiefs- Paul von Hindenburg, head of thehigh Commands, and Erich Ludendorff, his senior quartermaster general,realised that it was certain they would not win the war. Hindenburg andLudendorff cared the most about the armys reputation. They knew that ifthey lost the war, it would look bad on them, because they were the on e whowere responsible of the country while Germany was at war. Therefore, theyasked the Kaiser if their power of the country could be give to civilianpoliticians. Prince Max of Baden, head of the German Red Cross and apolitical moderate, was appointed the Imperial Chancellor, in 1st October1918. However, the army were still sending out propaganda to the people,convincing them that they will win the war even when the army knows theywill not. After four long years of blood, war and propaganda, peoplestarted to believe the posted and advertisements. Therefore, when theWeimar Government signed the Armistice in 1918, the German people did notunderstand why they had given up. They felt that that the new Governmenthave signed them away to the Allies. They felt as if the Weimar Governmenthas stabbed them in the back. Some people did not believe that they havebeen defeated because they Germans were still in French territory whenthey were asked to stop fighting. Then in June 1919, the Germans were forced to sign the Treaty ofVersailles. NO one liked the Treaty of Versailles because it was so unfair;the Germans were given total blamed for starting the war (the war guiltclause). They had to pay 66000 million in reparations. All of Germanysterritories and colonies were taken away then shared out amongst theAllies. Germanys proud army was reduced to 100,000 men, Conscription wasbanned-the soldiers had to join the army voluntarily, Germany was notallowed any armed vehicles, submarines or aircrafts, the navy was onlyallowed to build six-battle ship, the Rhineland became a demilitarisedzone. This means that no German troops were allowed into that area; theRhineland was important because it was the land separating France andGermany. Then they were not allowed to join the League of Nations when itopened, which the German people found very insulting. It was very hard to have a stable government because, at times there couldbe up to four or five different parties in the coalition government, thismade it very hard to run a government. All the different parties would havedifferent ideas and they would not be able to agree on anything. The moreparties there are in a coalition government the harder it is to solveproblems, and the shorter time the government would run the country, beforeit collapses and another government is elected. In about 5 years, theycould of when through around 5 to 7 different governments. This just showswho unstable the country is. This concept must be very hard for the moremature German citizens, because they were used to having strong leadershipall their lives and now they have been through into a very unbalancedleadership. Mysticism in Wordsworth Poetry Sample EssayThe NSDAP was a right wing party, but they did care bout the Kaiser andbutting him back on the throne, apart from that they had the similar ideasas the rest of the right wing parties. Hitler used to hold speeches at theright wing elites dinner parties, so Hitler had a strong relationship withthe right wing elites. The NSDAP appealed the right wing elites, so theywere ready to give the NSDAP a lot of fund money to run the party. Thismoney helped the party to run and function properly. The army are members of the of the right wing elites, because Hitler hasused to be in the army he had a few connections with the army. Hitler usedhis oratorical skill to persuade them to help him and his party. Hitlerknew if he had the support of the army then he has a lot of power tothrough around. If the army supported him then he has the power to takeover the Weimar government. The right wing elites also had a private armycalled the Freikorps; they are ex-soldiers who have been kicked out of thearmy, because the Treaty of Versailles said there should only be 100,000men in the army. These men are fighting with a passion because they lovefighting and they love their army, but they have been chucked out of thearmy not because of their lack of skills. With the help from both theFreikorps and the army, Hitler ahs a strong defence. That is why Hitler encourages and pressed on with the Munich putsch,because he thought that he has all the support he needs and nothing canstop him and his party. He also thought that he would have a lot of supportfrom the public because, there was the passive strike at the Ruhr and nowG. Stresemann is the Chancellor he ordered them to stop the strike and goback to work. Hitler found this very of fencing, because he is believesthat Stresemann is supporting the Treaty of Versailles that is why he wastelling the striker to go back to work. He thought that all the people feltthe same way; he forgot that Stresemann actions helped the people and theeconomy, and Stresemann too hated the Treaty of Versailles. When the peoplesaw the difference that Stresemann was making to the country, some peoplestarted to stop supporting the extreme parties and stick to the parties inbetween. However, Hitler did still have the support of a general, GeneralLudendorff, and the Nazi storm troopers. When Hitle r was caught fortreason, some people thought he was going to serve a life sentence for hiscrime, but he did not. He used the publicity at the trial to improve hisoratorical skills; he gave a speech about he was no criminal because hewant the best for his country and that he did not mean not harm. If he dida crime and that would be, he loved his country too much and would bewilling to do anything to protect it from foreigners. He gained a lot ofpublicity because all the press was there to see that man who was so closeto taking over the government. All the papers would have every single wordthat he said at the trial, in it. This helped him to spread his opinionsand ideas. ThishowHitlerattractedsupportfrompeopleinGermany.

Homosexuals In Military Essays - Gender, Homosexuality,

Homosexuals In Military Homosexuals have been excluded from our society since our country's beginning, giving them no equal protection underneath the large branch of the law. The Emancipation Proclamation gave freedom to blacks from slavery in the 1800's and women were given the freedoms reserved for males in the early 1900's with the women's suffrage movement. But everyone still knows the underlying feeling of nation in dealing with minorities and women, one of contempt and disgust. Hate crimes are still perpetrated to this day in this country, and most are unpublicized and "swept underneath the rug." The general public is just now dealing with the struggle of Homosexuals to gain rights in America, although this persecution is subtle, quiet and rarely ever seen to the naked eye or the general public. The big question today in Homosexuals rights struggles are dealing with the right to be a part of our country's Military Forces. At the forefront of the struggle to gain access to the military has been Female's who have tried to gain access to "All Men" facilities and have been pressured out by other cadets. This small group of women have fought hard, and pressured the Government to change regulations dealing with the inclusion of all people, whether female or male, and giving them all the same opportunities they deserve. The Homosexual struggle with our Nation's Armed Forces has been acquiring damage and swift blows for over 60 years now, and now they too are beginning to fight back. With the public knowledge of "initiation rights" into many elite groups of the military, the general public is beginning to realize how exclusive the military can be. One cadet said after "hell week" in the Marines, "It was almost like joining a fraternity, but the punishments were 1000 times worse than ever imagined, and the Administration did not pretend to turn there back, they were instrumental in the brutality." The intense pressure of "hell week" in the Marines drove a few to wounding themselves, go AWOL, and a few even took there own life. People who are not "meant to be" in the Military are usually weeded out during these "initiations" and forced either to persevere or be discharged dishonorably. The military in the United States has become an elite society, a society where only few survive. In a survey taken in 1990, the United States population on a whole is believed to consist of 13-15% Homosexuals. This figure is believed to have a margin of error on the upward swing due to the fact that most homosexuals are still "afraid" of their sexuality and the social taboos it carries along with it. With so many Homosexuals in the United States, how can the military prove its exclusion policy against Homosexuals correct and moral? Through the "long standing tradition and policy," says one Admiral of the U.S. Navy. But is it fair or correct? That is the question posed on Capitol Hill even today, as politicians battle through a virtual minefield of tradition and equal rights. Historically, support for one's military was a way to show one's patriotism, if not a pre-requisite for being patriotic at all. Society has given the military a great deal of latitude in running its own affairs, principally due to society's acknowledgment that the military needs such space in order to run effectively. The military, in turn, has adopted policies which, for the most part, have lead to very successful military ventures, which served to continually renew society's faith in the military. Recently, however, that support has been fading. The Vietnam War represented both a cause of diminishing support for the military by society as well a problem. The Vietnam War occurred during a period of large-scale civil disobedience, as well as a time where peace was more popular than war. Since the effectiveness of the military depends a great deal upon society's support, when society's support dropped out of the war effort, the war effort in turn suffered. The ultimate defeat of the United States in the Vietnam War effort only lead to less faith in the military's ability. This set the stage for society becoming more involved in how the military was run. The ban on homosexuals serving in the military, was originally instituted in 1942. Though some of the reasons that were used to justify it at the time have been debunked since-that homosexual service members in sensitive positions could be blackmailed, for instance ("Gays and the Military" 54)-the policy was largely an extension of the military's long-standing policy against homosexual acts. At the

Treating De Quervains Syndrome at Home

Treating De Quervains Syndrome at Home It is important to note that treating De Quervains syndrome, also known as gamers thumb, at home or without the direction of a doctor is possible, however, severe or chronic De Quervains syndrome should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare provider since, if left untreated, De Quervains syndrome can result in permanent injury and a loss of your range of motion and grip strength. Treating De Quervains syndrome should begin when symptoms first appear and continue as long as the symptoms persist or the cause is still relevant. Treatment should be done leading up towards a doctors appointment or during your data gathering activities while trying to determine the cause of your De Quervains syndrome. Treatments and their effectiveness should be noted within this data. The first step in treating De Quervains syndrome at home is taking care of your general health. Chronic inflammation affects a lot of people and can contribute to or hamper your recovery from most repetitive stress injuries, including De Quervains syndrome. General Health To make your De Quervains syndrome treatments the as effective as they can be you should be in good health and at a healthy body weight. Being overweight contributes to chronic inflammation and affects your circulation as well. And without good circulation, your body cant repair itself effectively. So maintaining a good circulatory system through cardiovascular exercise helps. Hydration Staying hydrated is important as well. A good rule of thumb to stay hydrated is to take your weight in pounds, slide the decimal to the left so you lose the ones column, and drink that many ounces of water. If you weigh 250 pounds then you should drink at least 25 ounces of water a day. Rest The best way to treat your De Quervains syndrome at home is to identify what activities are causing the repetitive stress and avoid doing them while allowing your wrist and thumb ample time to rest and heal. Being able to take a couple weeks off and not use your hand for much is almost always impossible. So at least try to reduce the length of time, the number of repetitions or strength required to perform the tasks causing the repetitive stress. If at all possible avoid repetitive motions of any type with the hand and wrist. Ice One of the most effective treatments for any inflammation, like De Quervains syndrome, is using ice. Ice reduces swelling and relieves pain. Use an ice pack regularly to reduce your inflammation following a 15 minute on - 15 minute off pattern. A cool pack, one that isnt as cold as frozen ice, can be kept on longer. Follow the manufacturers recommendation on these items. Over the Counter Medication The inflammation associated with De Quervains syndrome can be reduced with the use of over the counter anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. They are also effective at managing pain. Liniments and pain relieving balms can help temporarily relieve your pain, but often do not reduce the inflammation. Whether you use a pill or a topical pain reliever it is important to remember that they are simply masking your pain. The problem is still there and if you continue to stress the area while the pain is masked you can further injure yourself. Stabilization/Immobilization When treating De Quervains syndrome at home you may want to consider wearing a splint to immobilize the wrist and thumb that is being afflicted. A splint will completely immobilize your thumb and/or wrist allowing it to heal without further stressing the area. If complete immobilization is not practical then stabilization may help. To stabilize the wrist and thumb for De Quervains syndrome a brace or compression wrap is used to support the wrist and thumb, especially when gripping. This provides more support to the area reducing some of the stress and range of motion you would normally receive. But it does not impede you from all repetitive stress or further injuring yourself. Exercise Physical therapy is a vital part of treating and recovering from De Quervains syndrome. A doctor or physical therapist can provide you with an exercise regiment to help your particular condition and instruct you in the proper execution of those exercises. A couple of easy stretches can be performed on your own, however. These stretches should only be done a couple of times a day and you should not experience any pain when doing them. If they are hurting it may be time to see a doctor for your De Quervains syndrome. Stretching the muscle between the thumb and the palm is a good exercise. The inflammation and irritation of the tendons in De Quervains syndrome often destabilize the base of the thumb. It becomes weak and difficult to properly use. You can help relieve the stress at the base thumb joint by stretching and massaging the muscles and tissues that hold it in place. To perform this stretch grab your afflicted thumb with your other hand and pull the thumb away from your palm. Hold the stretch for ten to fifteen seconds and then release. Let the sensation die down completely before stretching again. Perform this stretch with the hands below the level of your heart for better circulation during the stretch. Massaging the web of muscle and tissue between the thumb and palm is beneficial as well. Next stretch the tendons that control the thumb and pass through the wrist, the ones causing the problem. Hold your hand in a relaxed fist and flex your wrist downward much like in Finkelsteins test. Dont flex your wrist to the point of pain, however. Just give it a relaxing stretch for ten to fifteen seconds and then release. These stretches should be done once or twice a day and no more. The area has very small muscles that can easily be overworked. If you strain those muscles and your thumb starts hurting give it a day or two before you begin stretching again. The stretching will have a cumulative relaxing effect on your De Quervains syndrome over the course of a couple of weeks. It is important to note that you should not stretch any part of your body when it is cold. So do not stretch your thumb after icing it or when under the effects of a pain reliever since it is easy to overstretch things in those cases.

Should executives use structured or unstructured interview formats Essay

Should executives use structured or unstructured interview formats when interviewing managers What are the positive and negative implications - Essay Example Therefore, Executives should use structured interview formats to interview their managers. Structured interviews entail use of the interview questions written on a paper and the interviewer asks questions verbally noting down the answers. The script may be created in advance or may be given by the human resources department. The questions are structured in a predetermined format and are similar to all interviewees, in this case, interviewee are the managers. A structured interview allows the executive find out any information need remarkably quickly and determines the qualifications of the candidate to the next level. The executives will be released off the pressures since they will be aware of questions to ask, and the answers given by the managers will be reliably aggregated (Beebe, 2001). Structured interview questions are based on the job analysis in order to ensure impartiality and fairness. The questions asked are critically analyzed and highly effective in evoking responses from managers to enable the decision making process. Every candidate is asked a similar question, and the rating scales are detailed to enhance the quantification of the subjective data. Professionalism is highly emphasized through training the executives interviewing the managers. The interview panels in a structured interview provide checks and balances where more than one member from the executive conducts the interview. Structured interviews ensure objective assessment of the responses from the managers based on the rating scale scores (Chiba, 2010). The process of structured interview involves three main stages. The executive members perform different roles during the interview process. Firstly, before beginning any interview, determination of the scope of the interview is crucial. The number of managers in the appointment process is discussed. Review of the crucial documents forming the basis of the interview like the job description and competency profile enhances

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 41

Summary - Assignment Example The author has urged that the simulations should be closer to real world scenarios. The author states that heavy dependence on automation of flights is leading to underdevelopment and erosion of manual skills required to handle flights. The author even concludes that lack of training to handle flights manually is one of the causes of accidents. As a marketer I have learned through this article that such articles and the conference in which the speaker talked about all the issues related to training and automation of fights can send a negative image of the airlines in the minds of the consumers. The consumers may think that the pilots are not equipped to handle flights manually and pose a risk to their life. On the other hand, marketer of an air flight organization that have already been providing proper training on how to handle the flights manually can use similar issues to develop a positive image of themselves in the eyes of the

The Saxophone in Jazz Music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Saxophone in Jazz Music - Research Paper Example The invention of the saxophone is credited to a Belgian by the name, Antoine-Joseph Sax. Adolphe was born on 6th November 1814 and gained interest in musical interest from his father Charles. Adolphe’s father was a professional craftsman of musical instruments. To this end, Adolphe became an expert craftsman of musical instruments when he was just six years old. Some of his notable specimens included clarinets and flutes. Moreover, he devoted more time to studying these two instruments at the Brussels Conservatory. As a result, Adolphe noticed that there was a difference in tone between woodwinds and brasses. Evidently, he discovered that woodwinds were being overpowered by the brasses. Moreover, he equally noted tonal differences between the winds and strings whereby the latter was overpowered by the former. Consequently, Sax identified the need to invent a new instrument that achieved some semblance of balance between the strings, brass, and woodwinds. He envisioned a sound that combined the brass tone from the trumpet and the woodwind sound from the clarinet. As a result, Adolphe innovatively incorporated the mouthpiece from the woodwind and the structural form of the brass instrument. The end product was the saxophone.To this end, the pioneer saxophone was a C bass which Sax displayed to the prominently renowned composer, Hector Berlioz in 1841. Berlioz was mesmerized by the versatility, dynamic control and unique tone of the saxophone. As a result, in 1842, Adolphe migrated to Paris to publicize his saxophone.... Consequently, Sax identified the need to invent a new instrument that achieved some semblance of balance between the strings, brass and woodwinds. He envisioned a sound that combined the brass tone from the trumpet and the woodwind sound from the clarinet. As a result, Adolphe innovatively incorporated the mouth piece from the woodwind and the structural form of the brass instrument. The end product was the saxophone. To this end, the pioneer saxophone was a C bass which Sax displayed to the prominently renowned composer, Hector Belioz in 1841(Koenig 295). Belioz was mesmerized by the versatility, dynamic control and unique tone of the saxophone. As a result, in 1842, Adolphe migrated to Paris to publicize his saxophone. At around the same time, an article entitled ‘Journal des Debats’ was published by Hector Belioz. The article described Adolf’s innovative saxophone in depth. Consequently, by 1846 Adolphe Sax was officially recognized as the owner of the saxophon e when it was exhibited in public during the Paris Industrial Exhibition. Moreover, in 1844 a concert organized by Hector Belioz and known as the Chante Sacre featured the saxophone for the first time. However, it was the opera of the ‘Last King of Juda’ that marked the orchestral debut of the saxophone. Apparently, Adolphe proposed a contest between bands. The contest pitted his army band composed of saxophones against another one that was composed of traditional instruments. Evidently, Adolphe’s band carried the day and hence proved that saxophones had the capacity to improve the quality of tone in all the bands. By 1845, the B and E flat saxophones replaced the French horns, oboes and bassoons that were used in French military

Purification of 1,3-PD from Complex Fermentation Broth

Purification of 1,3-PD from Complex Fermentation Broth MTZ is calculated as Eq. 6[24], where H is adsorption bed height (cm). tb is the time (min) of breakthrough point, which defined as the time when Ct/C0=0.05. te is the time (min) of saturated point, which defined as the time when Ct/C0=0.95. As showed in Table 2, increasing the 1,3-PD concentration, tb and te decreased. The dynamic adsorption of 1,3-PD to resin usually fails to achieve adsorption equilibrium. When the concentration of 1,3-PD achieved a certain high value, the breakthrough point and saturated point came early. The adsorption process in a fixed bed for a single adsorbate can be classified into three zones: the saturated zone, mass transfer zone and fresh zone[24]. The smaller the mass transfer zone and fresh zone were, the higher efficiency of the adsorption process. When the concentration of 1,3-PD was 35.2 g L-1, the maximum value of mass transfer zone (MTZ) is 23.2 cm, which indicated that the saturated zone was small and the efficiency was low. On the contrary, when the concentration of 1,3-PD was 25.0 g L-1, the MTZ was minimum while the efficiency of adsorption was 63.5% as the highest point. However, the production efficiency was lower for saturated time delayed. The breakthrough curves of glycerol were showed in Fig. 3B with three concentrations of 1,3-PD. When 1,3-PD attained saturated point, glycerol did not saturate and the adsorption is 428, 388 and 266 mg/g, respectively, which indicated the decreasing of the fermentation broth concentration increased the adsorption of glycerol. Considering both adsorption rate and efficiency, fermentation broth with 30.0 g L-1 concentrations were used in the following experiments. Data was fitted based on Yoon-Nelson model, which was showed in Fig. 4. Simulated parameters were listed in Table 2. The results indicated that k increased with the 1,3-PD concentration, while xexp decreased, which indicated that increasing concentration shortened the saturated time in the adsorption bed. Furthermore, xexp was similar with x, which indicated that Yoon-Nelson model can be applied to simulate the adsorption process with different concentrations. 3.3 The effect of flow rate The effect of flow rate to the adsorption of 1,3-PD was showed in Fig. 5A. From Fig. 5A, increasing the flow rate lead to the increasing of curves slope, the breakthrough time was shortened and the changing of the concentration difference was quicker. The main reason was that with the increasing of flow rate, exchanging time of adsorbate and resin was shortened. Further analysis showed in Table 3. From Table 3, with the setting up of flow rate, the saturated point of 1,3-PD decreased quickly and MTZ increased. High flow rate would make it difficult for 1,3-PD to transfer into resin porosity, which went against for the mass transfer of 1,3-PD and the undisturbed 1,3-PD increased. When the flow rate was 0.800 mL min-1, the adsorption rate was 62.2%. However, low flow rate lead to the delay of 1,3-PD saturated point and low adsorption rate, which is not benefit for industrial production. Data fitting based on Yoon-Nelson kinetic model, the result of 1,3-PD breakthrough curves showed in Table 3 and Fig. 6. As showed in Fig. 6, k increased with the increasing flow rate and xexp shared a similarity with x, indicating that Yoon-Nelson kinetic model can imitate adsorption process at different flow rates. 3.4 The effect of temperature The effect of temperature in the adsorption of 1,3-PD showed in Fig. 7A. As showed in Fig. 7A, tb and te increased with temperature. The breakthrough point delayed, which was similar to the result of a steady state adsorption. Increasing temperature promotes the adsorption of 1,3-PD to resin. However, the effect of temperature on breakthrough curves is not obvious on the slope of three curves was almost equal. The breakthrough curves of glycerol were shown in Fig. 7B. When the adsorption of 1,3-PD achieved saturate point, glycerol did not saturate and the adsorption is 310, 388 and 433 mg/g, respectively. Additional analysis was showed in Table 4. Although increasing temperature is beneficial to adsorption, the value of A in 313 K did not remarkably increase (Table 4). It was due to that the migration velocity and the contact between glycerol molecules and resin also increased and influence the adsorption of 1,3-PD by occupying adsorption sites. The adsorption of 1,3-PD to the resin was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption kinetics was accurately represented by the shell progressive model and indicated that the particle diffusion was the rate-limiting step[19]. Considering decreasing operating cost and simplifying experiments, the temperature was fixed at 298 K. Data was fitted based on Yoon-Nelson kinetic model, the results of simulating parameters shows in Table 4 and Fig. 8. As showed in the Fig. 8, the value of k decreased with the increasing of temperature. The value of xexp by using model and x shared a similar result, indicated that Yoon-Nelson kinetic model can simulate the adsorption process under different temperatures. 3.4 The effect of stack height on adsorption The effect of stack height on adsorption was studied with 10.0, 15.0 and 30.0 cm respectively (Fig. 9A). Experiment condition: flow rate, 1.00 mL min-1, fermentation broth with 1,3-PD,30.0g L-1; stacking height, 10.0, 15.0, 30.0 cm; temperature, 298 K. As showed in Fig. 9A, the slope of the breakthrough curve gradually decreased with the increasing of stack height, indicated that high stack height promoted adsorption. Supplementary analysis shows in Table 5. As showed in Table 5, qtotal and A was low when H was 10.0 cm for the resin quantity and the active sites of fixed bed decreased. The MTZ (8.44 cm) was nearly as the whole bed height, showing that the relative low efficiency of the adsorption. The parameter was small owing to reasons above, placing competing adsorption between 1,3-PD and glycerol, also the shorter contact time between resin and solution for decreasing height. Comparably, the values of breakthrough parameters when H equaled to 30.0 cm were fine: the maximum of q total attained 2.13 g, which was significantly higher than other values and the value of A was also maximum. The main reason was the increasing stack height resulted in the increasing of contacting time between resin and adsorption sites for better adsorption. On the other hand, with the adding of resin in adsorption bed, improved the capability of adsorption to 1,3-PD (te increased, the slope of breakthrough curves, the adsorption of resin increased). The bre akthrough curves in three stack heights showed in Fig. 9B. The adsorption of glycerol is 117, 269 and 388 mg/mg, respectively. Moreover, the increasing of bed height increased the number of theoretical plates in separation degree. Considering the value of tb, te and A , 30.0 cm was chosen for the following experiments. Data fitting based on Yoon-Nelson kinetic model, the results of simulating parameters of the adsorption process in Table 5 and Fig. 10. The value of k decreased with the increasing of stack height and xexp was similar to x, indicating that Yoon-Nelson kinetic model can fit the adsorption in different stack height. M0 (g) is the elution quantity of 1,3-PD, M1 (g) is the quantity of glycerol The effect of ethanol concentration on elution curves was studied with three different ethanol volumes (30%, 50%, 75%), which were showed in Fig 11. As shown in Fig 11, 1,3-PD was the eluted out firstly. The retention time of 1.3-PD and glycerol enlarged in the column were due to the stack height of this fixed bed (30.0 cm). The overlapping of curves between components decreased obviously. It also prolonged the adsorption time between 1.3-PD and glycerol with resin. 1.3-PD and glycerol separated through continuous adsorption and desorption. Resin prefers the adsorption of glycerol to 1,3-PD. Glycerol replaced the 1,3-PD which adsorbed on the resin, caused the glycerol layer enlarged while 1,3-PD layer moved down. Furthermore, ethanol selectively eluted 1,3-PD. Therefore, the 1,3-PD was the firstly been eluted. With the elution of 1,3-PD, the percentage of 1,3-PD in eluent decreased. The ability of the eluent increased so glycerol been eluted down. Besides, when the volume percentage of ethanol increasing from 30% to 75%, both peaks of 1,3-PD and glycerol improved and concentrated, indicating that high concentration of ethanol was advantageous for the collection of components. The elution quantity of 1,3-PD (M0) and elution quantity of glycerol (M1), were calculated according to elution curves and showed in Table 6. As showed in Table 6, the elution rate of 1,3-PD improved from 64.3% to 95.3%, indicating that high concentration ethanol was helpful to the elution of relevant components. Meanwhile, both elution ratio of 1,3-PD and glycerol increased and attained a maximum when ethanol was 75%. The mass ratio of 1,3-PD and glycerol in eluent improved from 6:1 to 14.6:1 in broth, and the concentration of 1,3-PD increased from 85.7% to 93.6%, indicating that both of 1,3-PD and glycerol been divided efficiently. Moreover, with the increasing of ethanol volume percentage, the elution amount of both 1,3-PD and glycerol increased. However, the increasing of elution amount of glycerol was little, which mean the combination force between glycerol and resin was stronger that 75% ethanol could not eluted glycerol down. 100% ethanol was also used for elution and caused severe dehydration of resin. Therefore, 75% ethanol was used as eluent. 3.6 The effect of the elution flow rate The flow rate increasing from 1.00 to 2.00 mL min-1 to investigate the effect of elution flow rate on 1,3-PD and glycerol. The results showed in Fig. 12 and relevant parameters in Table 7. As showed in Fig. 12, increasing flow rate, the elution peak of both 1,3-PD and glycerol decreased. In Table 7, with the increasing of flow rate, the elution of 1,3-PD decreased while that of glycerol improved. Meanwhile, the mass ratio of 1.3-PD to glycerol decreased from 14.6 to 9.88, indicating that increasing elution rate was not favorable to the separation of 1,3-PD and glycerol. Therefore, the elution efficiency and 1,3-PD separation could be improved significantly if slow down elution rate and increasing contact time between eluent and 1,3-PD in the resin. As shown in Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, when the flow rate was 1.00 mL min-1 and the concentration of ethanol is 75%, 1,3-PD and glycerol showed a seemingly separation on the curve: the curve of glycerol appeared from 54 mL which means before that the system only contained 1,3-PD; after 98 mL 1,3-PD and glycerol coexist in the mixture. It is known by calculation that before 54 mL the quantity of 1,3-PD was 1.64 g as a percentage of 80.8%. Mixture collected could return to the fermentation broth for the next adsorption process. 1,3-PD could be acquired by first 54 mL eluent after vacuum distillation. Further resolution of the two substances with the flow rate as 0.500 mL min-1 were studied. The overlapping degree of 1,3-PD and glycerol curves reduced, but could not be completely separated. Meanwhile, the time increased remarkably as 304 min, indicating that although decreasing flow rate was helpful to improve separation efficiency, the production efficiency decreased. Therefore, 1.00 mL min-1 was selected as the best flow rate. 3.7 Purification of the 1,3-propanediol Vacuum distillation, which is energy saving due to the decline of boiling point, is preferred to traditional distillation. 324 ml eluent was collected after six times adsorption and elution separation. No glycerol has been tested by HPLC. The eluent was added into rotary evaporator (vacuum 0.093-0.097 MPa and temperature 60-65 oC) for ethanol recycling. After recycling, the remaining solution transferred to vacuum distillation under Vacuum degree at 0.093-0.097 MPa. Collecting impurity below 129 oC and 1,3-PD fraction between 129-149 oC. The purity of 1,3-PD has been tested by HPLC is 99.2% (sample has been sent to the independent third test institution for detection). 4 Conclusion Recovery and purification of 1,3-PD from complex fermentation broth represents a technological challenge and true bottleneck in the development of a commercially viable bioprocess of this promising bulk chemicals. The present work provides a novel technique for purification of 1,3-propanediol from crude glycerol-based fermentation broth. Separation and purification of 1,3-propanediol was achieved by four simple steps: removal of cells and proteins by chitosan flocculation, decoloration by activated carbon, adsorption by fixed bed cation exchange resin, and vacuum distillation. Furthermore, in order to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column, Yoon-Nelson models were applied to the experimental data. Parameters as adsorption capacity at breakthrough time (tb) and saturation time (ts), length of the mass transfer zone (MTZ) were obtained for the different operation conditions used in the adsorption experiments. The characteristic colu mn parameters were calculated for process design. The overall yield of 1,3-propanediol recovery is calculated to be 80.8% with 99.2% of purity. This process, which is simple, fast, and efficient, will promote the commercialization of 1,3-propanediol production.

A Look At Savage Garden :: essays research papers

Savage Garden is an Australian duo formed in 1994 by Daniel Jones and Darren Hayes. Daniel Jones, born on July 22, 1973 in Essex England moved to Brisbane, Australia as a young child, he plays keyboard, guitar, programming and sings back up. Darren came from a long line of musicians, so his love for music started when he was very young. When he was little, his brother had a drum set and when he went out, Daniel would sneak into his room and play then, he took piano lessons when he was seven. By the age of ten, he was playing the keyboard and drums in pubs and hotels. Daniel’s musical influences were, Peter Gabriel, XTC, and Tears For Fears. Darren was born May 8, 1972 in Brisbane, he is both the lead and back up singers. At a young age, he began showing alot of intrest of getting into entertainment by singing and acting around the house which led him to act in many school plays when he got into high school. After high school, Darren attended college, to study journalsim, Drama and education. His influences include, Prince, The Smiths, Fleetwood Mac, Marvin Gaye, Diana Ross, and Duran Duran. Both the guys are songwriters. Daniel was playing with another band called Red Edge, when he put an ad in a Brisbane music paper for a lead vocalist, Darren was studying to be a teacher when he decided he wanted to get into the music scene, he saw Daniel’s ad and responded, â€Å"We clicked imeadeatly†(Darren Hayes, SavageGarden biography) Darren joined the band and in 1994, He and Daniel decided they were tired of playing other people’s music so they left the band and devoted their time to writing and the band, Crush was formed. Darren and Daniel soon found out another Australian band also had that name so, they bought the name from them but, then they found another English band called Crush so they decided to call the band Savage Garden which was thought of by Darren, it was from an Anne Rice novel where â€Å"she describes the world as two levels, one as a very beautiful place but,in the other, underneath, we’re all savage beasts†(The conception of savage garden) in the other,Darren and Daniel so fired by self assurance, sent out over 150 demo tapes to record companies and management all over Australia. One by one they got rejected until John Woodruff heard their tape and thought they had a chance, he immediately flew to Brisbane to sign them to JWM, his record company. Their first self titled album was recorded in

Executive Shirt Company Essay

Mr. Collier, per your request, I have analyzed Executive Shirt Company’s current production process in addition to evaluating both Mike and Ike’s recommended processes for custom shirt production. Elements considered during this analysis included: Process types, cycle time for the processes, process efficiencies, and costs. Each element is key to identifying the best course of action for Executive Shirt Company, Inc. in regards to the addition of custom shirt production. Process Types Currently Executive Shirt Company uses a batch shop process, where multiple functional areas perform similar tasks. For example: all of the sewing areas are sewing all components of the shirt. This type of process performs well in this production setting due to the fact that one operation isn’t dependent on another to perform its task (outside of the initial cutting phase). More so, one individual’s sewing performance doesn’t hinder another from sewing their batch of shirts. Mike adopted this process type in his proposal for the addition of custom shirt production; however, Ike took a linier concept (more assembly line focused) for his proposal where operations are performed according to the progressive tasks to construct a shirt. For example: the cuff operation cannot be performed until the sleeve operation is completed. Within Ike’s process, each operation is dependent on the prior to complete its task before the next operation can commence. This causes issues when one operation begins to slow, causing idle time. Cycle Time It is important to identify the cycle times for each operation in a specific process (see Appendix A-1), given it will allow us to determine the bottleneck – which defines the throughput for the entire process. For the current shirt production process for Executive Shirt Company, we’ve identified cuff making to be the bottleneck – producing 1 cuff every 30 seconds (see Appendix A-1). This means that each operation can only perform its task at the rate of making a cuff. The same is true when examining Mike’s recommended process. Although Executive Shirt Company will be taking on extra production with custom shirts, Mike’s process integrates the additional shirt production into the current process and utilizes the same number of workers (outside of the cutting process). By doing so, the bottleneck remains the same along with throughput for the entire process. Ike’s process, however, takes one worker from each operation and shifts their focus to producing custom shirts. Although the bottleneck remains cuff making for the regular shirt production, the throughput time increases an additional 15 seconds (see Appendix A-1). So, by removing a body from each process, it takes longer to produce regular shirts vs. Mike’s process. Additionally, by only having one worker for each operation for custom shirt production the throughput time is greatly elevated. In Ike’s process for custom shirts, the bottleneck shifts to making collars – 1 collar is produced every 3.9 minutes (see Appendix A-1). Efficiencies When thinking about efficiencies for a production process, we have to look at how much is being produced vs. how much the process could produce and also how labor is being utilized throughout the process. While cycle time gives us a good base understanding for how effective a process is (lower CT shows the process is lean and will become lower as more automation occurs), capacity and direct labor utilization will give us a more definitive look at process efficiency. For Executive Shirt Company, the current process performs at a capacity utilization of 83% and a direct labor utilization of 67% (see Appendix B-1). This means there is most definitely room for production expansion and that’s what we get with both Mike and Ike’s recommended processes. Mike’s recommendation to take on the extra capacity with only adding one worker (to the cutting operation) is expected to up capacity utilization to 94% while only pushing direct labor utilization to 75%. This means Executive Shirt Company would be producing at max capacity while only increasing direct labor utilization by roughly 8%. Conversely, Ike’s recommendation over indexes on capacity utilization for regular shirt production and greatly underutilizes both capacity and direct labor for the custom shirt production (see Appendix B-1). Costs Bridging off of efficiencies we turned our focus to cost; which is highly determinant on efficiencies of a process. The more effective and efficient the production process is the lower the cost should ultimately be. The direct labor costs per shirt in Executive Shirt Company’s current process is $3.84. With the efficiencies Mike’s proposal brings, it directly affects costs – driving the per unit labor cost down to $3.47. So with the increased production and decrease direct labor costs, Mike’s process should produce additional margin. On the other hand, and although Ike’s process would lower the per unit direct labor costs for the regular shirts (due to decrease workers in this process), the over-indexing production causes overtime work in the regular shirt process and far too little work for those in the custom shirt process (see Appendix B-1). Recommendation Based on our review of the current process and the proposed processes from Mike and Ike, I would have to recommend implementing Mike’s plan. Mike’s plan gives a good balance of production increase and cost savings due to a more efficient process, which in the long run should prove to be profitable.

Reagent Definition and Examples

Reagent Definition and Examples A reagent is a compound or mixture added to a system to cause a chemical reaction or test if a reaction occurs. A reagent may be used to tell whether or not a specific chemical substance is present by causing a reaction to occur with it. Reagent Examples Reagents may be compounds or mixtures. In organic chemistry, most are small organic molecules or inorganic compounds. Examples of reagents include Grignard reagent, Tollens reagent, Fehlings reagent, Collins reagent, and Fentons reagent. However, a substance may be used as a reagent without having the word in its name. Reagent Versus Reactant The term reagent is often used in place of reactant, but a reagent may not necessarily be consumed in a reaction like a reactant. For example, a catalyst is a reagent  but is not consumed in the reaction. A solvent often is involved in a chemical reaction - it is considered a reagent, but not a reactant. What Reagent-Grade Means When purchasing chemicals, you may see them identified as reagent-grade. What this means is that the substance is sufficiently pure that it may be used for physical testing, chemical analysis, or for chemical reactions that require pure chemicals. The standards required for a chemical to meet reagent-grade quality are determined by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and ASTM International, among others.

mafia essays

mafia essays Over the past month, as I have been going to work with Sgt. Blake Gilmore, there has been much talk about organized crime ever since the second in charge, the underboss, Al Bruno was shot. It was a big story and every time I go into his office, something new is said about the case even though it was handed over to the FBI. In light of this, I have decided to write about the history and development of organized crime. It has always been of interest to me and it hits home in some ways because of my Italian decent. Throughout history, crime has existed in many different forms and has been committed by not only individuals, but by groups as well. Crime is something that knows no boundaries; it exists in all cultures, is committed by all races, and has existed in all time periods. Crime exists as a part of the economic institution and is a lifestyle for many people. Crime also exists in both organized and unorganized forms. Since the early 1900's, "organized" crime has existed in the United States. The origin of the word mafia is a bit of a mystery. Some say that it is derived from an Arabic word for refuge, while others say that it is derived from a Sicilian adjective implying courage, strength, agility, quickness, endurance, and intelligence. Another thought came from a book called Bloodletters and Badmen : A Narrative Encyclopedia of American Criminals from the Pilgrims to the Present. This said that the word mafia was an acronym for Morte Alla Franciese Italia Annella, which meant Death to the French is Italy's Cry. The Italian Mafia or the La Cosa Nostra, as it is referred to today, started in Sicily, the little island that the mainland seems to be giving the boot to. It was during the time between the 18th century and the 19th century that there were constant fights between the French and the Spanish for the thrones of Naples and Sicily and it switched hands many times. When it finally came to rest with the instatement...

Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cold War - Essay Example Keeping the political and economic interests, Truman decided to confront with the expansionist Russia from an ideological vantage. He declared that his government would do anything to help the nations of the world to keep their liberty upright. But his intention to contain the communist expansionism lies at the hindsight of this policy. This policy of containment remains the sole baseline of the US policy throughout the whole Cold War. Indeed, all of Truman’s successors, more or less, endeavored to implement his policy of containment in different contexts with measures. Mainly two goals, namely supporting democracy and containment of communism, dominated the US policy for the Cold War. In his â€Å"Joint Address Before Congress† he unequivocally declares, â€Å"Greece must have assistance if it is to become a self-supporting and self-respecting democracy.† (Truman 3) The United States’ policy of containment was essentially the result of President Trumanâ⠂¬â„¢s reaction to the Communist expansion intention. In the Potsdam conference, it became clear that the Soviet leaders had no intention to retreat from their wartime position in Europe and the Middle East. ... Truman’s perception of this communist threat was evident in the â€Å"Joint Address before Congress† in March 12, 1947: Moreover, the disappearance of Greece as an independent State would have a profound effect upon those countries in Europe whose peoples are struggling against great difficulties to maintain their freedoms and their independence while they repair the damages of war. (Truman 5) Now the question is what threats Truman perceived because of the communist militias Greece, Turkey and Iran. It is clearly evident in the following part of his address that a sole intention to support democracy and to majority of the people’s opinion in contradiction against the anarchist communist minority. There might be the economic interests which might provoke Truman to raise his voice for democracy in those countries. Even if there was any, he wanted to fulfill those economic interests of the United States by collaborating with the majority of the people, not against their will, as the Soviet authority wanted. Truman’s perception of the communist threat is also evident in the following speech: â€Å"The very existence of the Greek state is today threatened by the terrorist activities of several thousand armed men, led by Communists† (Truman 2). Moreover, Truman might perceive that a sustainable democratic Europe was more congenial to the United States’ economic and political interests in this region. He envisaged that â€Å"an independent and economically sound State is clearly no less important to the freedom-loving peoples of the world than the future of Greece† (Truman 3). But the reason behind his emphasis on the retaining democracy was not only that the US is a democratic country but also that democracy is such a

How the rapid evolution of technology and our utilization of it can Essay

How the rapid evolution of technology and our utilization of it can affect and change our identities - Essay Example While most of us believe that loss of anonymity is not good for us, some consider a loss of anonymity as a benefit to the society. The paper tries to answer this question, â€Å"Are there any possible benefits of anonymity?† Giving so much of our information on the Internet does not affect us badly as some people might think. There seem to be more benefits of being open that promoting the anonymity. It evidence from what happened to Egypt immediately before Hosni Mubarak was removed from power. Social networks such as Facebook and twitter are the most visited sites. The users give out their information on the essence that they will improve interaction with others. However, critics argue that giving out too much of our personal information is not good. Their argument is not true, Singers acknowledges that â€Å"with some social standards, the more people do something, the less risky it becomes for each individual† (463). In addition, social networks are beneficial to the society especially the under-privilege as in the case of Egyptians. Despite the view of many that we are losing our anonymity through social networks such as Facebook, the Egyptians and other Arabs benefited. They used online plat form to protest against their corrupt governments (Singer 464). As in the case of drivers, their anonymity makes them aggressive towards other people especially the other drivers. According to Vanderbilt, the consideration by drivers that they are anonymous or the anonymity of other drivers make them act roughly on the road. In addition, any mess on the road by the drivers that result to respond from other drivers result to anger â€Å"†¦we gesture violently or honk-a noise the offending driver might misinterpret† (487). The negative response from the other driver is due to the anonymity, â€Å"You can see but you can’t be heard† (Vanderbilt 488). The existence of anonymity is beneficial to drivers because they express themselves in any way. A scenario on